VIII. 2nd Millennium Imperial China
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Tao of China
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42: The Sung Dynasty (960-1279 CE)
The Fall of the T'ang & Political Fragmentation
The Rise of the Sung
The Three Doctrines, san-chiao
Not me, I'm different
Chu Hsi (1130-1200) – Li, Ch'i, & T'ai Chi
Tai Chi = Grand Ultimate = God?
Chu Hsi draws from all three traditions
The Decline and Fall of the Sung
43: The Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368 CE)
Rise of the Mongols
The Nature of Nomadic powers
Taoist Watershed or the Rise and Fall of Political Taoism
During Yuan, all Chinese lower class
Internal martial arts of Chang Sen Fang
A Taoist split: Ch’uan-chen Taoism & the Heavenly Masters
Genghis Khan (1155-1227 CE) & the Mongol Warrior culture
Mongol religion
Kublai Khan, a classic Chinese Emperor
Divine Mission or Mandate of Heaven
Yuan dynasty opens China to Europe
44: The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE)
Fall of the Yuan and the rise of the Ming
The Hung-wu Emperor, T’ai-tsu (r. 1368-98)
The Yung-lo Emperor (r. 1403-1425)
Chinese Isolationism & the Yung-lo Emperor
The Cheng-t’ung Emperor (r. 1435-49)
44A: Nomadic Relationships & The Fall of the Ming
Arrogance of the Ming towards the Nomadic North
A Short History of the Interactions between Chinese & Nomadic cultures
Ho-ch’in － a successful policy of appeasement
China’s boundaries maintained through military presence, not walls
Post Han > Sung: Subservient Chinese adopt nomadic elements
Mongol invasion stops genetic mixture
The Historical Dynamic: the Ming vs. Northern Nomads
The Fall of the Ming
Peasant Rebellions regularly ignite Dynastic Change
45: The Ch’ing Dynasty (1644-1911 CE)
The Rise of the Manchus = Ch’ing
Golden Age of the Ch’ing (1644≈1775)
Popular, Alchemical, & Martial Taoism during the Ch’ing
Factors in the fall of the Ch’ing: Weak Rulers
Population growth spirals out of control
Britain, Opium, & the Boxer Rebellions